Cancer Isn’t Just One Disease
When we say “cancer,” we’re actually talking about more than 100 different diseases, each affecting a different part of the body, with different causes, symptoms, and treatments.
Knowing which types are most common helps you understand:
- What symptoms to watch for
- What screening might be needed
- Who is most at risk
Let’s explore the cancers that affect the most people worldwide and in the UAE.
1. Breast Cancer
One of the most common cancers globally, and the #1 cancer among women in the UAE.
Who it affects:
Mostly women over 40, but younger women and even men can be diagnosed too.
Common symptoms:
- A new lump in the breast or underarm
- Changes in breast size, shape, or skin
- Nipple discharge or inversion
Screening & detection:
Mammogram is the most effective early detection tool. Regular self-exams help you notice changes.
2. Lung Cancer
Often linked to smoking, but non-smokers can get it too.
Who it affects:
Men and women over 50. People with long-term exposure to tobacco smoke, air pollution, or occupational chemicals.
Common symptoms:
- Persistent cough
- Chest pain or shortness of breath
- Coughing up blood
Screening & detection:
Low-dose CT scan for high-risk individuals.
3. Colorectal (Colon & Rectal) Cancer
Often starts as small growths (polyps) in the colon that become cancer over time.
Who it affects:
People over 50, and those with a family history of colon cancer or inflammatory bowel disease.
Common symptoms:
- Blood in stool
- Changes in bowel habits
- Abdominal pain or fatigue
Screening & detection:
Colonoscopy starting at age 45–50, or earlier for high-risk individuals.
4. Prostate Cancer
One of the most common cancers in men, especially after age 50.
Who it affects:
Men over 50. Higher risk in African and Middle Eastern men.
Common symptoms:
- Trouble urinating
- Weak flow of urine
- Blood in urine or semen
Screening & detection:
PSA blood test and digital rectal exam (DRE).
5. Brain and Central Nervous System Cancers
Less common, but among the most serious and complex types of cancer.
Who it affects:
Can occur at any age. Some types are more common in children, others in adults.
Common symptoms:
- Headaches that don’t go away
- Seizures
- Changes in vision, memory, or balance
Screening & detection:
MRI or CT scans, followed by biopsy for confirmation if needed.
Final Thoughts
Each cancer has its own story, but early detection and timely care save lives.
Understanding the most common cancer types helps you:
- Recognize early warning signs
- Know when to ask for screening
- Support loved ones facing diagnosis
